UA.III.A.K2: Aviation routine weather reports (METAR).
ACS Area III — Weather Task A: Sources of Weather References: AC 107-2; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22
Key Concepts
Understanding METARs as Aviation Weather Observations
Aviation routine weather reports, known as METARs, serve as a foundational tool for weather decision-making in aviation operations. METARs are compiled from surface observations and provide a snapshot of the current weather conditions at specific ground stations, including airports across the United States. These surface weather observations form the basis of weather forecasts, advisories, and briefings, making them critically important for preflight planning and in-flight decision support. METAR stations gather weather data continuously, and reports may be generated automatically, manually, or by a combination of both[3]. Automated systems, such as the Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) and Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS), are widespread and essential for providing up-to-date, location-specific weather conditions.
A typical METAR includes a variety of weather elements relevant to aviation operations, such as wind direction and speed, visibility, present weather (e.g., precipitation, fog), sky condition (cloud coverage and ceilings), temperature, dew point, and atmospheric pressure. This information is significant for the remote pilot’s ability to assess whether conditions are suitable for safe flight operations, especially in relation to visibility minima and other regulatory requirements[3].
METARs in the Broader Context of Aviation Weather Products
METARs are part of a larger system of aviation weather information, which also includes analyses, advisories, forecasts, and integrated aviation weather tools[1]. Observational data from METARs not only support immediate operational decisions at a local level but also feed into broader weather forecasts and analyses, enhancing the accuracy and relevance of other weather products. These products play a vital role in fulfilling the regulatory requirement that every pilot-in-command becomes familiar with all information concerning a flight, including current weather reports and forecasts[6].
The data provided by METARs is often supplemented by other NWS-supported reports such as SPECI (special weather reports issued when significant weather changes occur) and Pilot Weather Reports (PIREP). Together, these observational sources ensure that pilots have access to current, accurate information necessary for safe operation in the National Airspace System[3].
Accessing and Interpreting METARs
Remote pilots can access METARs through various online platforms, FAA Flight Service resources, and mobile applications designed specifically for aviation weather. Key resources include the FAA Flight Service website (https://www.1800wxbrief.com), the National Weather Service Aviation Weather Center (https://aviationweather.gov), and other regional sites and aviation weather camera networks[4][7]. Pilots may also call Flight Service Stations (FSS) or use information found in the FAA Chart Supplement for airport-specific reporting phone numbers[4]. When using these platforms, understanding standard aviation weather abbreviations and units—such as wind speed in knots (kt), visibility in statute miles (SM), and temperature in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit—is essential for proper interpretation[2].
In preparing for the FAA Part 107 exam, a solid grasp of METAR structure—report type, station identifier, time and date group, and the meaning of the abbreviations and symbols used—is vital for answering weather-related questions accurately. Equally important is familiarity with the limitations and capabilities of various information sources, as commercial weather products and non-certified online sources may not always meet FAA or regulatory standards for preflight weather briefings[6].
Practical Implications for Remote Pilots
Remote pilots must always assimilate current METAR data as part of preflight action to determine local weather suitability for flight and compliance with FAA operational requirements. Understanding and applying METAR data minimizes weather-related safety risks and enhances decision-making, especially regarding visibility, presence of precipitation, winds, or other potentially hazardous conditions at flight locations[3][1].
It is also crucial to recognize that while METARs provide detailed real-time weather observations, they are just one piece of the weather information puzzle. For a complete operational picture, combine METARs with other reports, forecasts, advisories, and visual weather tools for the most accurate assessment of potential flight conditions.
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